Diameters of the planets

Diameters of the planets 

(In our Solar System)

Pluto

Pluto is the biggest object in the Kuiper Belt and the 2nd most massive plutoid in the solar system after Eris. Pluto is a dwarf planet which means it is too small to be a planet. It is the 

The Earth and the Moon

The Earth and the Moon

The Earth

The Earth is where you live. The Earth is very very big with the diameter of 12,760 km ( 7930 miles ) and its equatorial circumference is 40,000 km ( 24,854 miles ). The Earth is the 3rd planet from the sun in the solar system, Earth's distance from the sun is 14,90,00,000 km ( 92,584,307 miles ). Earth is the largest terrestrial planet ( 6th largest body and 5th largest planet in the solar system ). Orbital period of the Earth is 365 days and one rotational period is 23 hours 56 minutes. The Earth has 4 layers, and they are: the Crust, Mantle, Outer Core and the Inner Core.

The Crust: The Crust is about 30 - 50 km ( 18 - 31 miles ) thick and that is where we walk on.

The Mantle: The Mantle is about 2,900 km thick and is super dense and hot. It has about 85% of the Earth's volume.

The Outer Core: The Earth,s Outer Core is about 2,300 km ( 1430 miles ) thick and it is made of iron and nickel.

The Inner Core: The Inner Core is the innermost layer. It is a ball with a diameter of 1,200 km ( 745 miles ), It is so dense that it is a solid and has a temperature of 5,400 Celsius ( 9750 Fahrenheit ), it is 70% of the Moon's radius. 

The Earth has an atmosphere made 77% Nitrogen, 21% and 1% other gases.

The Moon

The Moon is the 5th largest Natural satellite in the solar system with a diameter of 3,474 km ( 2,160 miles ). The Moon is thought to be formed by a gigantic collision on Earth with a protoplanet the size of Mars, the collision released a lot of debris around the young Earth that then collided with each other to form the Moon. The Moon is the only body except Earth to be stepped on by humans, the first human to step on moon was Neil Armstrong and then the second human to step on the moon was Buzz Aldrin. 

Ganymede

Facts 

Ganymede's Diameter is 5,262 km ( 3,270 mi ) which makes this satellite bigger than any other satellite in the solar system and is 7% larger than the planet Mercury. Ganymede even if it is larger than Mercury it is about half the mass of Mercury, which means it's density is less.

Ganymede is the satellite of Jupiter. It is one of the moons discovered by Galileo Galilei they were Callisto, Ganymede, Io and Europa. Ganymede was named after the lover of Zeus. 

Ganymede's orbital period is very fast it is just 8 days.

Ganymede was discovered on 7 January 1610 it was Discovered with 3 other moons that I mentioned earlier. The Galilean moons proved that the earth is not the only planet to have moons and earth was not the center of the solar system but the Sun was the center of the solar system.

Mars

Mars

Profile:

Diameter: 6,474 km

Distance from sun: 1.5 AU

Mass: 0.107 x Earth

Length of day = 25 Hours

1 Year = 690 days

Natural Satellites: Phobos and Deimos

Tallest point of land: Olympus Mons

INFO

Mars is the second smallest planet with a diameter of 6,474 km. Mars is the fourth planet from the sun, has a reddish tint because of its high iron content. Mars's atmosphere is Getting blown away slowly because it is losing it's magnetic field. Mars has the tallest mountain in the solar system and the mountain is named Olympus Mons. Olympus Mons is a shield volcano and is about three times the size mount Everest but it is an extinct volcano. Valles Marineris the large is about 4,000 km long and 7 km deep comparatively to the Grand Canyon which is just 450 km long and 2 km deep. Valles Marineris is so huge it covers one-fifth of the circumference of Mars. 

The galilean moons

The Galilean Moons

The Galilean Moons, as their name suggests were discovered by Galileo Galilee. Their names are Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa. These four moons are the biggest moons of Jupiter. These were discovered in January 1610.

Ganymede

Profile:

Diameter: 5,262 km

Size Compared To Mercury: 1.078

Average Distance From Jupiter: 1070400

Info:
 Ganymede is bigger than Mercury the smallest planet in the solar system but it

has half of the weight that mercury has.

Callisto

Profile:

Diameter: 4,821 km

Size Compared To Mercury: 0.98831

Average Distance From Jupiter: 1882700 km

Info:
Callisto the third largest satellite in the solar system is nearly the size of mercury but smaller.

Io

Profile:

Diameter: 3643 km

Size Compared To Mercury: 0.746822

Average Distance From Jupiter: 4,21,800 km

Info:

Io is the third largest moon of Jupiter it was thought to be dead with a frozen core but it was full of volcanic activity. 

Europa

Profile:

Diameter: 3,122 km

Size Compared To Mercury: 0.640016

Average Distance From Jupiter: 6,71,100 km

Info:
Europa is the fourth largest moon of Jupiter and is supposed to have more water than there is on earth.

The solar system

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The solar system refers to the sun and the planets that orbit around it. The solar system doesn't only refer to the planets and the sun but it also has many other members such as moons; Dwarf Planets; Asteroids and Comets and many others. The solar system is located in our galaxy the Milky Way and completes on orbit around Sagittarius A the black hole in the center of our galaxy every 225 million years.   

The Sun

The sun is located in the center of  the solar system and is the parent of all bodies in the solar system and is the main energy source to the solar system it has a massive diameter of 110 times the diameter of earth, and contains 99.86% of all the mass in the solar system, and is fueled by nuclear fusion in its core, it fuses Hydrogen into Deuterium and then Deuterium into Helium. It's surface temperature is 6000 kelvin and its core temperature is estimated to be 15,000,000 Kelvins.

Mercury

Mercury is the smallest and the closest planet to the sun. As you can see in the picture it is mapped with craters and basins all over. It has a diameter 4,878 km. its core is frozen which means it doesn't have any atmosphere which is blown away by the solar wind from the sun. It's temperature in day is 480 Celsius and at night its temperature drops to -180 Celsius. it orbits once around the sun in 88 days, and it appears in the sky every morning before the sun rises and after the sun sets.

Venus

Venus is the hottest planet even if it is second from sun because it traps the most of the heat from the sun because it's atmosphere is full of carbon dioxide and methane which traps a lot of heat. (In this pic there is no atmosphere because to show its features). scientists suppose long ago when earth had bacteria and other small living thing like algae there would be life on Venus because the sun's power was 75% of which is now.

Earth

You are here. Earth, our home planet is the only planet sustainable for life in the solar system it is the third planet from the sun and has one natural satellite, Luna ( Moon ).

The moon only shows its one face all the time. its gravity effects the earth example is the waves in the ocean.

Mars

Mars is the last rocky planet in the solar system and is cold about -25 Celsius and has water in the form of ice in its poles. Mars is supposed to have liquid water in the past because of its huge canyon. It has two natural satellites,  Phobos and Deimos both are not spherical and phobos is just 800 km from mars which will crash in the future, and deimos will escape from the gravity of mars

Jupiter

Jupiter the biggest planet in the solar system or the second biggest body after the sun. Jupiter is 11.2 times bigger than earth. Jupiter as you can see in the picture has giant storm called the Great Red Spot (GRS) is three earths in diameter and it is supposed to be there from 300 years. Jupiter has about 64 moons. Jupiter is totally made of gas Such as Hydrogen and Helium, and being so massive it has immense gravity.

Saturn

Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system. Saturn has a colorful system of rings which is made by billions of ice particles, the size of the grain of dust to the size of a house. In science anything natural orbiting the planet is a natural satellite so Saturn has billions of moons. The biggest of them is titan which is bigger than Mercury.

Uranus

Uranus is the third largest gas giant after Saturn, and it also has a set of rings but these rings are fainter than those of Saturn. Uranus is the same distance from Saturn as Saturn is from the Sun. Titania is the biggest moon of Uranus which is a dirty ball of ice made by water. Uranus is rotating on its axis which is 98 degrees means it's poles are facing the sun.

Neptune

Neptune is the smallest of the gas giants but still 3 times larger than earth. Neptune has a giant storm named the great dark spot but it has gone missing. Neptune is aqua blue in color. Neptune's largest moon is Triton which is way larger than Titania but still smaller than our moon.